In 1997 there were 432 new patents for herbicides, by 2009 there were only 65. The development of broad spectrum glyphosate and “Roundup Ready crops” was a game changer that worked so well people basically stopped looking for new herbicides. That is until the weeds started fighting back. Chemical & Engineering News article on the search for new modes of action 🤍cen.acs.org/environment/pesticides/crop-protection-herbicide-mode-action-glyphosate/100/i22 Introduction to the Shikimate Pathway 🤍🤍youtube.com/watch?v=FlBrJW-qbXA&list=PL833687AEAAE90961&index=155 You might also like other Reactions videos: How Quinine Fights Malaria, and How That Caused* World War One 🤍youtu.be/wnvo53xUxP4 That Fresh Cut Grass Scent is Really a Signal of Distress 🤍youtu.be/suGk8eZyN34 How Can Fertilizer Explode? 🤍youtu.be/-SeT3N3A19c How Do Hydrangeas Change Colors? 🤍youtu.be/tmCxU8XY_pE The Chemistry of Poison Ivy 🤍youtu.be/SJEU3PT0O5g Credits: Executive Producer: Matthew Radcliff Producers: Elaine Seward Andrew Sobey Darren Weaver Host: Alex Dainis Scientific Consultants: Mark Loux, PhD Patrick J. Tranel, PhD Todd Gaines, PhD Mithila Jugulam, Ph.D. Leila Duman, PhD Brianne Raccor, PhD Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell Reactions is a production of the American Chemical Society. © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved. Additional Sources: Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops 🤍🤍ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1559744/ THE SHIKIMATE PATHWAY 🤍🤍annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.473 Why have no new herbicide modes of action appeared in recent years? 🤍onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2333 The Pitfalls of Relating Weeds, Herbicide Use, and Crop Yield: Don't Fall Into the Trap! A Critical Review 🤍🤍frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2020.615470/full The cost of herbicide resistance 🤍crops.extension.iastate.edu/blog/bob-hartzler/cost-herbicide-resistance Development and Characterization of a CP4 EPSPS-Based, Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn Event 🤍web.archive.org/web/20090319094255/🤍crop.scijournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/45/1/329?ijkey=44fad6f377d5b5dfe274484eb51a4c79d0d7ff63&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha Tyrosine Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Catabolism in Plants 🤍bit.ly/3CsMiiS Biosynthesis and Metabolic Fate of Phenylalanine in Conifers 🤍🤍ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942462/ Auxin driven indoleamine biosynthesis and the role of tryptophan as an inductive signal in Hypericum perforatum (L.) 🤍🤍ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6797091/ Finding of No Significant Impact Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Petition for Non-regulated Status for Soybean Line MON 89788 (APHIS 06-178-01p) 🤍🤍aphis.usda.gov/brs/aphisdocs/06_17801p_ea.pdf Glyphosate resistance: state of knowledge 🤍onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ps.3743
Couldn0t we find a different tactic altogether?
Instead of focusing on high intensity industrial farming that wants square kilometers of land without weeds, finding ways to integrate those inside the agricultural system?
If I'm not mistaken, weeds often have relevant ecological and agricultural impact, such as soil health, soil bacteria, fixing nitrogen, controlling erosion and more.
Looking for the next RoundUp seems like just repeating the same mistake again, while not focusing onto the other negative effects of mass herbicide usage, which has immense impacts on things like natural plants and ecosystems, algae and rivers and other environments.
It would probably give us a bridge to avoid low yields, but as these weeds have shown this window is short and temporary, and we need to find a more long term solution
Like your wording "fighting" for plants. They don't run or bite to fend off the invaders, but they do grab and smash atoms to create molecular fences and immunities.
Now I know why Bayer so desperately wanted to buy it from Monsanto: It is like the GM of cars, great advertising, bad car. But will vegans now all have to die because of them surviving weeds?
I used Roundup once. NEVER AGAIN... after my dog ended up with cancer and died.
By far the best explanation of how roundup works, Roundup ready crops, and herbicide resistance I could find on the internet!!! Very good job!!!
Having adult-onset type III sensitivity to soy, I wonder if ready crops were a contributing factor... 🤔
Pity that weeds cant be made edible.
Monsanto, when the devil plays capitalism
Glyphosate has been linked to cancers, just because we don't have the shikimate pathway, doesn't mean we are unaffected by it.
Weeds will never be resistant to mechanically removing them. There are machines available that can distinguish between the intended crop any any other plant, and they'll rip out only what's not supposed to grow there, completely without any poison being used, nothing accumulates in the ground or water, nothing gets blown off into fragile ecosystems.
There are other issues impeding development of new herbicides. Massive cost of R&D and massive-er cost of deregulation. Plus, essentially non-toxic-to-non-targets herbicides like glyphosate are being vilified by the activist, social and traditional media, bolstering science-free nuisance lawsuits. Glyphosate has its issues with environmental impacts and resistance, no doubt. But when a safe chemistry becomes the basis of billion dollar lawsuits, why would you possibly want to invent the next safe chemistry?
Shikimate comes from the japanese word シキミ (shikimi) which is the japanese star anise so considering how the language works, your pronounciation would probably be more accurate. I'm not sure of the -ate suffix but otherwise, yeah I'd go with shee-kee-mah-teh.
Sounds better anyway.
-ate in shikimate is the same ending as carbonate, nitrate. It is a chemical nomenclature.
Great vid. Very informative.
Gotta love the doofuses that want to turn our food production over to Skynet tho...lol
if it stopped working is great. stop using it.
Why have a letter if you aren't going to pronounce it? I know there are other silent letters but those used to be pronounced.
I love this channel. :D
Fuck monsanto 💜
OR you can skip the chemicals and just make a solar robot that pulls weeds and turns them into mulch.